![]() ![]() "We shall now look upon an individual as a psychical id, unknown and unconscious, upon whose surface rests the ego, developed from its nucleus the Pcpt. This shift of level implied different dynamics and forms, although it did not necessarily mean that local forms and dynamics were surpassed or modified.įreud introduced the id as alien to the ego, as "the other part of the mind," global and unconscious, incorporating the repressed and the forces by which (in Groddeck's terms) we "are lived": a realm large enough to be that which the ego resists (1923b, p. In order to take the ego into account it was now necessary to move from the "local" examination of the symptoms and their treatment to a global view of the mental personality and of psychoanalytical treatment. was synonymous with the repressed it was unable to explain the resistance of the ego and inadequate as far as practice was concerned. ![]() As a result, this last system was now seen as local, confined to the superficial layers of the mental apparatus where the Ucs. 12), Freud confronted the ego and its unconscious resistance on the one hand and the unconscious/preconscious-conscious (Ucs./Pcs.-Cs.) distinction on the other. In The Ego and the Id, moving "closer to psycho-analysis" (1923b, p. The life and death instincts ( Pleasure Principle ) opened up a dynamic space for the accommodation and study, in Group Psychology, of the large-scale mental formations of the "second step": ego, ego ideal, identifications. That work, along with Beyond the Pleasure Principle and Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego, constituted what Freud called "the third step in the theory of the instincts" (1920g, p. The Freudian conception of the id, which he worked out in the summer of 1922, was presented in The Ego and the Id. expounds the theoretically important point of view which I have covered in my forthcoming The Ego and the Id " (1960a, p. Apropos of The Book of the It, he wrote to Groddeck on Mathat "The work. But in the same letter Freud had dubbed Groddeck "an analyst of the first order," and subsequently he supported him, having his Book of the It published by the Internationaler Psychoanalytisher Verlag just before his own The Ego and the Id. And why "cancel the difference between psychological and physical phenomena"? "I am afraid," Freud concluded, "that you are a philosopher as well and have the monistic tendency to disparage all the beautiful differences in nature in favor of a tempting unity" (1960a, pp. His response in a letter of June 5, 1917, was critical: "The notion of the Ucs requires no extension." The Ucs (unconscious) system was adequate for dealing with organic illnesses, for it influenced somatic processes. And of course Groddeck had been reading Freud in the 1913-1917 period.įreud first encountered the notion of the id in Groddeck's letter. Groddeck borrowed the term from the Berlin physician Ernst Schweninger, who had written, "The id cures." The idea of an energetic monism was in any case a commonplace of the German culture of the time. Georg Groddeck used this term to refer to the universal unconscious agency -as force and as substance -that he considered to be his interlocutor and object of study when he treated patients suffering from somatic illnesses: "There is something common to the body and the soul there is an Id in them, a force by which we are lived, even as we believe we are living ourselves" (Groddeck to Freud, May 27, 1917). Consequently, an idea designated " das Es " is liable to be indefinite and impersonal, universal, diverse, ambiguous and equivocal, even contradictory. Syntactically, es may be the subject or object of transitive verbs. Thus es may be interpreted as any neuter noun in German and is also used, like the English "it," in many From the standpoint of linguistics, es presents problems at the border between semantics and the syntax of anaphora: in order to understand what it signifies one must refer to another part of the discourse that interprets it. Its use as a noun, with an initial capital - das Es -is perfectly regular. In German, es is the neuter personal pronoun. Linked with the ego and the superego, the id ( das Es ) is the mental agency, in Freud's "second topography" of 1923, that answers to the instincts and to the greater part of the unconscious processes. ![]()
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